Rich Text Formatting

Rich Text is Telegram’s structured formatting engine used for Instant View articles, page blocks, web app responses, and modern Rich Messages (introduced in Bot API 10.1 and MTProto Layer 228+).

Unlike ordinary message text formatting (which attaches a flat list of MessageEntity offsets on top of a string), Rich Text is a tree-based hierarchical document structure. It supports advanced styling that ordinary messages cannot express, such as mathematical formulas (LaTeX), subscript, superscript, highlighted text, named anchors, collapsible sections, and inline images.

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Ordinary Formatting vs Rich Text

Feature	Ordinary Message Formatting	Rich Text (RichText)
Wire Protocol	MessageEntity offsets	raw.types.Text* & RichText
Methods	send_message()	send_rich_message(), Web Apps
Subscript & Superscript	❌ Not supported	✅ RichTextSubscript / RichTextSuperscript
Highlighted / Marked Text	❌ Not supported	✅ RichTextMarked (<mark>)
Math Expressions (LaTeX)	❌ Not supported	✅ RichTextMathematicalExpression
Inline Anchors & Links	❌ Text links only	✅ RichTextAnchor & RichTextAnchorLink
Collapsible Details & Blocks	❌ Blockquotes only	✅ Full collapsible sections & tables

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Writing and Sending Rich Text

Bots can send rich messages using send_rich_message() and construct the content using InputRichMessage.

There are three ways to compose rich content:

1. Using HTML (Recommended)

You can write standard HTML tags including rich tags like <mark>, <sub>, <sup>, and <tg-emoji>:

from pyrogram import Client
from pyrogram.types import InputRichMessage

app = Client("my_bot")

async with app:
    await app.send_rich_message(
        chat_id="me",
        rich_text=InputRichMessage(
            html=(
                "<h2>Scientific Note</h2>"
                "<p>Water molecule: H<sub>2</sub>O</p>"
                "<p>Einstein's equation: E = mc<sup>2</sup></p>"
                "<p>Important note: <mark>Exam starts at 9:00 AM</mark></p>"
                "<p>Emoji: <tg-emoji emoji-id=5469770542288478598>👍</tg-emoji></p>"
            )
        ),
    )

2. Using Markdown

Markdown mode supports standard styling along with blockquotes and code blocks:

from pyrogram.types import InputRichMessage

await app.send_rich_message(
    chat_id="me",
    rich_text=InputRichMessage(
        markdown=(
            "## Project Update\n\n"
            "> Deployment to production is completed.\n\n"
            "**Status**: All checks passed.\n"
        )
    ),
)

3. Using Structured Blocks

For full control over articles, headings, tables, checkboxes, and collages, use InputRichBlock classes:

from pyrogram.types import (
    InputRichMessage,
    InputRichBlockSectionHeading,
    InputRichBlockParagraph,
    InputRichBlockList,
    InputRichBlockListItem,
    InputRichBlockPreformatted,
    InputRichBlockDivider,
)

await app.send_rich_message(
    chat_id="me",
    rich_text=InputRichMessage(
        blocks=[
            InputRichBlockSectionHeading(text="Release v3.2", size=2),
            InputRichBlockParagraph(text="Tobigram now features enhanced rich media text formatting."),
            InputRichBlockDivider(),
            InputRichBlockList(
                items=[
                    InputRichBlockListItem(text="Instant View acceleration", has_checkbox=True, is_checked=True),
                    InputRichBlockListItem(text="LaTeX math rendering", has_checkbox=True, is_checked=True),
                    InputRichBlockListItem(text="Interactive checklists", has_checkbox=True, is_checked=False),
                ],
                ordered=False,
            ),
            InputRichBlockPreformatted(text="pip install -U tobigram", language="bash"),
        ]
    ),
)

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Supported RichText Elements

When receiving messages or reading Instant View pages, Telegram represents formatted nodes with the following RichText types:

Class	Description
RichTextPlain	Plain text without styling.
RichTextBold	Bold styled text.
RichTextItalic	Italic styled text.
RichTextUnderline	Underlined text.
RichTextStrikethrough	Strikethrough text.
RichTextSpoiler	Hidden spoiler text.
RichTextCode	Inline fixed-width code.
RichTextSubscript	Subscript text (e.g. chemical formulas).
RichTextSuperscript	Superscript text (e.g. mathematical powers).
RichTextMarked	Highlighted or marked text background.
RichTextCustomEmoji	Animated or static custom emoji from sticker pack.
RichTextDateTime	Reader-localized date and time.
RichTextMathematicalExpression	LaTeX mathematical formula.
RichTextUrl	Clickable web link URL.
RichTextEmailAddress	Clickable email address.
RichTextPhoneNumber	Clickable phone number.
RichTextBankCardNumber	Formatted bank card number.
RichTextAnchor	Named anchor target inside the article.
RichTextAnchorLink	Link jumping to a named anchor in the same document.
RichTextImage	Inline picture embedded directly into text flow.

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Rich Message Drafts & AI Composition

Bots can send rich message drafts to display typing states, live generated progress, or “Thinking…” placeholders:

from pyrogram.types import (
    InputRichMessage,
    InputRichBlockParagraph,
    InputRichBlockThinking,
)

# Send a draft while computing the final response
await app.send_rich_message_draft(
    chat_id="me",
    rich_text=InputRichMessage(
        blocks=[
            InputRichBlockParagraph(text="Generating response..."),
            InputRichBlockThinking(),
        ]
    ),
)

# Send the final rich message once computation completes
await app.send_rich_message(
    chat_id="me",
    rich_text=InputRichMessage(
        html="<p><b>Done!</b> Here is your complete report.</p>"
    ),
)